Useful links:
Difference between Authentication and Authorization:
What is the difference between url and uri ?
1) How do you handle response headers in Rest Assured tests?
Answer: You can use the ‘header’ method to validate specific headers in the response.
For example, checking the ‘Content-Type’ header:
given() .when() .get("/endpoint") .then() .header("Content-Type", "application/json");
2) What is the purpose of the Matchers class in Rest Assured?
Answer: The Matchers class in Rest Assured provides various static methods for performing different types of assertions on the response.
For example, Matchers.equalTo(value) is used to check if a response value is equal to the expected value.
3) How do you perform a POST request with a JSON payload in Rest Assured?
Answer: To perform a POST request with a JSON payload, you can use the body() method to include the JSON content. For example:
given() .body("{\"key\": \"value\"}") .when() .post("/endpoint") .then() .statusCode(201);
4) What is the purpose of the 'relaxedHTTPSValidation()' method in Rest Assured?
Answer: The relaxedHTTPSValidation() method is used to disable strict SSL certificate validation, allowing you to make requests to HTTPS endpoints without validating the SSL certificate.
public void sendRESTXMLRequestAndGetResponse() {
response = given().relaxedHTTPSValidation("TLSv1.2").baseUri(endpoint).contentType("application/xml")
.accept("application/xml").headers(RESTHeaders).body(requestBody).when().post().then().assertThat()
.statusCode(200).and().extract().response();
}
5) What is the purpose of the 'config(JsonConfig.jsonConfig())' method in Rest Assured?
Answer: The config(JsonConfig.jsonConfig()) method is used to configure JSON serialization and deserialization settings.
It allows you to customize how JSON data is processed during requests and responses.
6) Explain the purpose of the 'auth().oauth2AuthorizationCodeFlow()' method in Rest Assured.
Answer: The auth().oauth2AuthorizationCodeFlow() method is used for OAuth 2.0 authentication using the authorization code flow.
It helps in handling the authentication process with the authorization server.
7) What is the purpose of the auth().none() method in Rest Assured?
Answer: The auth().none() method is used to indicate that no authentication is required for a particular request.
It’s helpful when dealing with public endpoints that do not require authentication.
8) How can you handle assertion failures gracefully in Rest Assured to continue with the execution of subsequent test steps?
Answer: You can use the softAssertions() method from the AssertJ library to create soft assertions, which allow the test to continue even if there are assertion failures. For example:
SoftAssertions softAssert = new SoftAssertions();
softAssert.assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(200);
softAssert.assertThat(response.getBody().jsonPath().getString("name")).isEqualTo("John Doe");
softAssert.assertAll();
RESTful API
1. What is a REST API, and how does it differ from other types of APIs?
2. Explain the main components of a RESTful API.
3. What are the HTTP methods typically used in RESTful APIs, and what do they represent?
4. What is the significance of HTTP status codes in RESTful API testing? Can you provide some examples of commonly used HTTP status codes?
2. Explain the main components of a RESTful API.
3. What are the HTTP methods typically used in RESTful APIs, and what do they represent?
4. What is the significance of HTTP status codes in RESTful API testing? Can you provide some examples of commonly used HTTP status codes?
5. Explain the difference between PUT and PATCH HTTP methods.
6. What is the purpose of the OPTIONS HTTP method in RESTful APIs?
7. What are the common authentication methods used in RESTful API testing? Explain them briefly.
8. What is the importance of using headers in API requests and responses?
9. How do you handle authentication and authorization while testing APIs?
10. Explain what API documentation is and why it's important for testing.
11. What is POSTMAN, and how can it be used for API testing?
12. What are the key elements to consider when designing test cases for API testing?
13. How do you handle parameterized testing for API endpoints?
14. What is API load testing, and how do you perform it?
15. What are some common challenges faced while testing RESTful APIs, and how do you overcome them?
16. Explain the concepts of request and response payloads in API testing.
17. What is API mocking, and how can it be useful in testing?
18. How do you handle versioning in APIs?
19. What is the difference between SOAP and REST APIs?
20. Explain how you would handle error responses and messages from an API during testing.
6. What is the purpose of the OPTIONS HTTP method in RESTful APIs?
7. What are the common authentication methods used in RESTful API testing? Explain them briefly.
8. What is the importance of using headers in API requests and responses?
9. How do you handle authentication and authorization while testing APIs?
10. Explain what API documentation is and why it's important for testing.
11. What is POSTMAN, and how can it be used for API testing?
12. What are the key elements to consider when designing test cases for API testing?
13. How do you handle parameterized testing for API endpoints?
14. What is API load testing, and how do you perform it?
15. What are some common challenges faced while testing RESTful APIs, and how do you overcome them?
16. Explain the concepts of request and response payloads in API testing.
17. What is API mocking, and how can it be useful in testing?
18. How do you handle versioning in APIs?
19. What is the difference between SOAP and REST APIs?
20. Explain how you would handle error responses and messages from an API during testing.
SOAP API
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) API
1. What is SOAP and what does it stand for?
2. Explain the structure of a SOAP message.
3. What is the role of the SOAP Header in a SOAP message?
4. What are the advantages of using SOAP?
5. What are the disadvantages of SOAP?
6. What is WSDL (Web Services Description Language)?
7. How is SOAP different from REST?
8. What are the different types of SOAP binding styles?
9. What is RPC in the context of SOAP?
10. Explain the role of an endpoint in a SOAP-based web service.
11. How does SOAP handle errors and exceptions?
12. Can SOAP use transport protocols other than HTTP?
13. What is the role of MIME in SOAP?
14. What is MTOM (Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism) in SOAP?
15. How do you secure a SOAP web service?
RESTAssured
1. What is RESTAssured, and how does it aid in API testing?
2. How do you set up RESTAssured in a Java project, and what are the necessary dependencies?
3. Explain the basic structure of a RESTAssured test script.
4. How can you send a GET request using RESTAssured? Provide an example.
5. How do you send a POST request using RESTAssured? Provide an example.
6. What is a RequestSpecification in RESTAssured, and how is it used?
7. How can you handle parameters in a request using RESTAssured? Provide an example.
8. Explain how you handle authentication using RESTAssured.
9. What is Response in RESTAssured, and how can you extract information from it?
10. How do you validate the HTTP response status code using RESTAssured? Provide an example.
11. What is JSONPath, and how do you use it with RESTAssured for JSON response validation?
12. Explain how you can validate response headers using RESTAssured.
13. How do you handle response validation for a JSON payload in RESTAssured?
14. What is the role of Hamcrest matchers in RESTAssured? Provide an example.
15. Explain how you can handle timeouts in RESTAssured.
16. How do you log requests and responses using RESTAssured?
17. What are filters in RESTAssured, and how can you use them?
18. How can you handle cookies in RESTAssured? Provide an example.
19. Explain how you can handle file uploads using RESTAssured.
20. How do you perform authentication using OAuth 2.0 in RESTAssured?
RESTful API -- Answers
1. What is a REST API, and how does it differ from other types of APIs?
A REST API (Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface) is a set of
rules and conventions for building and interacting with web services. It follows a stateless,
client-server communication model, where interactions are based on standard HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE).
Unlike SOAP APIs, REST APIs are lightweight, simpler to implement, and use standard HTTP methods and formats.
A REST API (Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface) is a set of
rules and conventions for building and interacting with web services. It follows a stateless,
client-server communication model, where interactions are based on standard HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE).
Unlike SOAP APIs, REST APIs are lightweight, simpler to implement, and use standard HTTP methods and formats.
2. Explain the main components of a RESTful API.
The main components of a RESTful API include:
- Resources: Represent objects or data that the API provides access to.
- Endpoints: URLs where the API can be accessed, representing specific resources.
- Methods: HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) used to perform actions on resources.
- Headers: Provide additional information about the request or response.
- Parameters: Data passed in the request, often in the URL or request body.
- Status Codes: HTTP status codes that indicate the outcome of the request.
3. What are the HTTP methods typically used in RESTful APIs, and what do they represent?
Common HTTP methods in RESTful APIs are:
- GET: Retrieve data from the server.
- POST: Create a new resource on the server.
- PUT: Update an existing resource on the server.
- DELETE: Remove a resource from the server.
4. What is the significance of HTTP status codes in RESTful API testing? Can you provide some examples of commonly used HTTP status codes?
Answer: HTTP status codes indicate the outcome of a request. Some common status codes are:
- 200 OK: Successful request.
- 201 Created: Resource successfully created.
- 400 Bad Request: Invalid request or parameters.
- 401 Unauthorized: Authentication required or invalid credentials.
- 404 Not Found: Resource not found.
- 500 Internal Server Error: Server error.
5. Explain the difference between PUT and PATCH HTTP methods.
Answer:
- PUT: Updates a resource or creates it if it doesn't exist. It replaces the entire resource with the new data.
- PATCH: Partially updates a resource. It applies modifications to the existing resource without replacing it entirely.
6. What is the purpose of the OPTIONS HTTP method in RESTful APIs?
Answer: The OPTIONS method is used to describe the communication options for the target resource. It specifies which HTTP methods and headers are supported for a particular resource.
7. What are the common authentication methods used in RESTful API testing? Explain them briefly.
Answer: Common authentication methods include:
- Basic Authentication: Sending credentials (username and password) in the request headers, often encoded in Base64.
- Token-based Authentication: Generating and using tokens (e.g., JWT) for authentication.
- OAuth: A token-based authentication standard often used with third-party services.
8. What is the importance of using headers in API requests and responses?
Answer: Headers provide essential metadata, such as authentication, content type, cache directives, etc. They help in configuring the request and understanding the response format.
9. How do you handle authentication and authorization while testing APIs?
Answer: Using RESTAssured, you can handle authentication like this:
given().auth()
.basic("user1", "user1Pass")
.when()
.get("http://jasper-bi-suite.blogspot.com/api/foos/1")
.then()
.assertThat()
.statusCode(HttpStatus.OK.value());
10. Explain what API documentation is and why it's important for testing.
Answer: API documentation provides details about how to use an API, including endpoints, methods, parameters, authentication, and response formats. It's crucial for testing as it helps in understanding API behavior, crafting accurate test cases, and ensuring compliance with the API specifications.
11. What is POSTMAN, and how can it be used for API testing?
Answer: POSTMAN is a popular API testing tool that allows you to create, organize, and execute API tests. It provides a user-friendly interface to send API requests, view responses, set up variables, automate testing, and generate documentation.
12. What are the key elements to consider when designing test cases for API testing?
Answer: Key elements include understanding the API specification, identifying endpoints and their functionalities, defining positive/negative test cases, handling various input scenarios, considering boundary values, and verifying the response data and status codes.
13. How do you handle parameterized testing for API endpoints?
Answer: Parameterized testing in RESTAssured can be achieved using parameters like this:
In REST Assured, the given() method is typically used to set up the preconditions or configurations for an HTTP request.
In the given example, the pathParam() method is used to set a path parameter named "userId" with the value 123.
This is commonly used in RESTful APIs where you need to pass parameters in the URL.
import io.restassured.RestAssured;
import io.restassured.http.ContentType;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class RestAssuredPathParamExample {
@Test
public void testGetUserDetails() {
int userId = 123;
RestAssured.baseURI = "https://example.com/api/users";
// Setting the path parameter "userId" with the value 123
RestAssured.given()
.pathParam("userId", userId)
.when()
.get("/{userId}")
.then()
.statusCode(200)
.contentType(ContentType.JSON)
// Add more assertions as needed
.log().all();
}
}
14. What is API load testing, and how do you perform it?
Answer: API load testing evaluates how an API performs under a specific load or concurrency. It involves sending a large number of concurrent requests to the API and measuring the response times and error rates.
15. What are some common challenges faced while testing RESTful APIs, and how do you overcome them?
Answer: Common challenges include handling authentication, data validation, testing multiple endpoints, and maintaining test data. To overcome them, use automation, generate dynamic test data, and utilize mocking frameworks.
16. Explain the concepts of request and response payloads in API testing.
Answer: Request payload is the data sent to the server in the request body, while the response payload is the data received from the server in the response body. They often use formats like JSON or XML.
17. What is API mocking, and how can it be useful in testing?
Answer: API mocking is creating a simulated version of an API for testing purposes. It's useful when the actual API is not available, allowing testing to proceed independently and enabling faster and more controlled testing.
18. How do you handle versioning in APIs?
Answer: Versioning in RESTAssured can be done using the `basePath` method to specify the API version in the base URL.
19. What is the difference between SOAP and REST APIs?
Answer: SOAP uses XML and HTTP, while REST uses various formats (e.g., JSON, XML, HTML) and HTTP. SOAP is protocol-based, rigid, and requires XML parsing, while REST is simpler, flexible, and leverages HTTP methods.
20. How do you handle error responses and messages from an API during testing?
Answer: Use RESTAssured to extract error messages and response data from the API's response. For example:
```java
Response response = ... // Send the request
String errorMessage = response.jsonPath().getString("error.message");
// Assert the error message
assertThat(errorMessage).isEqualTo("Expected error message");
SOAP API -- Answers
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) API
1. What is SOAP and what does it stand for?
- SOAP is an acronym for Simple Object Access Protocol. It is a protocol used for exchanging structured information in the implementation of web services.
2. Explain the structure of a SOAP message.
- A SOAP message typically consists of an Envelope, Header, and Body. The Envelope contains the Header and Body elements.
3. What is the role of the SOAP Header in a SOAP message?
- The SOAP Header contains application-specific information related to the processing of the message, such as authentication credentials or metadata.
4. What are the advantages of using SOAP?
- SOAP provides a standardized protocol for communication between different systems, platform independence, and supports complex operations and data types.
5. What are the disadvantages of SOAP?
- SOAP messages can be verbose due to XML formatting, which can lead to slower performance compared to other lightweight protocols. It also requires more bandwidth and processing.
6. What is WSDL (Web Services Description Language)?
- WSDL is an XML-based language used for describing the functionalities provided by a web service. It defines the operations, input/output messages, and communication protocols.
7. How is SOAP different from REST?
- SOAP is a protocol that uses XML for message formatting and is more rigid in structure, while REST (Representational State Transfer) is an architectural style that can use various data formats and is more flexible.
8. What are the different types of SOAP binding styles?
- SOAP supports various binding styles, including document-style and RPC (Remote Procedure Call) style.
9. What is RPC in the context of SOAP?
- RPC (Remote Procedure Call) is a binding style in SOAP where the message structure resembles a method call, with input and output parameters.
10. Explain the role of an endpoint in a SOAP-based web service.
- An endpoint is a specific URL where a SOAP-based web service can be accessed. It represents the location where the service is hosted and can be used to send SOAP messages.
11. How does SOAP handle errors and exceptions?
- SOAP defines a standardized way to handle errors and exceptions through SOAP Faults, which provide detailed information about the error.
12. Can SOAP use transport protocols other than HTTP?
- Yes, SOAP can use protocols other than HTTP, such as SMTP, JMS, TCP, and more, for transport depending on the binding style.
13. What is the role of MIME in SOAP?
- MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) allows SOAP to include non-XML data within the SOAP message, enabling the transmission of binary data.
14. What is MTOM (Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism) in SOAP?
- MTOM is an optimization technique that allows for efficient transmission of binary data in SOAP messages by sending them as separate attachments.
15. How do you secure a SOAP web service?
- SOAP can be secured using various mechanisms such as HTTPS for transport security, WS-Security for message-level security, and authentication and authorization mechanisms.
These questions cover the basics of SOAP and should provide a good foundation for an interview related to SOAP API. Make sure to understand the concepts thoroughly and be prepared to discuss them in detail during the interview.
RESTAssured -- Answers
1. What is RESTAssured, and how does it aid in API testing?
RESTAssured is a popular Java-based library that simplifies the testing of RESTful APIs. It provides a fluent and easy-to-use syntax to send HTTP requests and validate responses. It supports various HTTP methods and makes it easy to handle request parameters, authentication, headers, and response validation.
2. How do you set up RESTAssured in a Java project, and what are the necessary dependencies?
To set up RESTAssured, add the following Maven dependency to your project's `pom.xml` file:
<dependency>
<groupId>io.rest-assured</groupId>
<artifactId>rest-assured</artifactId>
<version>4.4.0</version> <!-- Use the latest version -->
</dependency>
3. Explain the basic structure of a RESTAssured test script.
A basic structure includes importing RESTAssured, specifying the base URI, creating a request specification, sending a request,
and validating the response.
4. How can you send a GET request using RESTAssured? Provide an example.
import io.restassured.RestAssured;
import io.restassured.response.Response;
Response response = RestAssured.get("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1");
// Print the response body
System.out.println("Response Body: " + response.getBody().asString());
5. How do you send a POST request using RESTAssured? Provide an example.
import io.restassured.RestAssured;
import io.restassured.response.Response;
import io.restassured.http.ContentType;
import io.restassured.path.json.JsonPath;
String requestBody = "{\"title\": \"foo\",\"body\": \"bar\",\"userId\": 1}";
Response response = RestAssured.given()
.contentType(ContentType.JSON)
.body(requestBody)
.post("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts");
// Print the response body
System.out.println("Response Body: " + response.getBody().asString());
6. What is a RequestSpecification in RESTAssured, and how is it used?
RequestSpecification is a configuration interface in RESTAssured that allows you to
define request-specific details such as headers, authentication, cookies, etc.,
which can be reused across multiple requests.
It helps to keep the request setup DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself).
7. How can you handle parameters in a request using RESTAssured? Provide an example.
import io.restassured.RestAssured;
import io.restassured.response.Response;
Response response = RestAssured
.given()
.param("userId", 1)
.param("id", 1)
.get("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts");
// Print the response body
System.out.println("Response Body: " + response.getBody().asString());
8. Explain how you handle authentication using RESTAssured.
For basic authentication:
import io.restassured.RestAssured;
import io.restassured.response.Response;
Response response = RestAssured
.given()
.auth().basic("username", "password")
.get("https://api.example.com/endpoint");
9. What is Response in RESTAssured, and how can you extract information from it?
The Response in RESTAssured contains the HTTP response details.
You can extract information from it using methods like `getBody()`, `asString()`, `statusCode()`, etc.
10. How do you validate the HTTP response status code using RESTAssured? Provide an example.
import io.restassured.RestAssured;
import io.restassured.response.Response;
Response response = RestAssured.get("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1");
// Validate the status code
response.then().statusCode(200);
11. What is JSONPath, and how do you use it with RESTAssured for JSON response validation?
JSONPath is a query language for JSON that allows you to extract specific data.
Example:
String title = response.jsonPath().getString("title");
12. Explain how you can validate response headers using RESTAssured.
import io.restassured.RestAssured;
import io.restassured.response.Response;
Response response = RestAssured.get("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1");
// Validate a specific header
response.then().header("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8");
13. How do you handle response validation for a JSON payload in RESTAssured?
You can use methods like `body()`, `jsonPath()`, and Hamcrest matchers to validate the JSON response.
14. What is the role of Hamcrest matchers in RESTAssured? Provide an example.
Hamcrest matchers provide a wide range of assertions to validate responses. Example:
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.;
response.then().body("title", equalTo("foo"));
15. Explain how you can handle timeouts in RESTAssured.
RestAssured.config = RestAssured.config().connectTimeout(5000).requestConfig(requestConfig().setConnectTimeout(5000));
16. How do you log requests and responses using RESTAssured?
RestAssured.enableLoggingOfRequestAndResponseIfValidationFails();
17. What are filters in RESTAssured, and how can you use them?
Filters allow you to intercept and modify the request or response. Example:
import io.restassured.filter.log.RequestLoggingFilter;
import io.restassured.filter.log.ResponseLoggingFilter;
RestAssured.filters(new RequestLoggingFilter(), new ResponseLoggingFilter());
18. How can you handle cookies in RESTAssured? Provide an example.
import io.restassured.RestAssured;
RestAssured.given()
.cookie("myCookie", "cookieValue")
.get("https://api.example.com/endpoint");
19. Explain how you can handle file uploads using RESTAssured.
Use the `multiPart()` method to upload a file:
import io.restassured.RestAssured;
RestAssured.given()
.multiPart(new File("path/to/file.txt"))
.post("https://api.example.com/upload");
20. How do you perform authentication using OAuth ? 2.0 in RESTAssured?
import io.restassured.RestAssured;
RestAssured.given()
.auth().oauth2("yourAccessToken")
.get("https://api.example.com/secure-endpoint");
These examples provide a solid foundation for understanding and using RESTAssured for API testing.
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